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M/v (w/v) and m/m (w/w) concentrations and parts per million will be discussed in the following section (after the worked examples of percentage concentration and ppm below). V/v concentration is NOT the same as a %(v/v) concentration M/m concentration is NOT the same as a %(m/m) concentration W/v concentration is NOT the same as a %(w/v) concentration M/v concentration is NOT the same as a %(m/v) concentration Where x is the value of the percentage concentration This is true for other similar percentage concentrations:įor mass/volume percentage concentrations (m/v% or w/v%):įor mass/mass percentage concentrations (m/m% or w/w%): We could write a mathematical expression equating parts per hundred (a percentage) and parts per million (ppm) as shown below: How would we convert that to a concentration in parts per million (ppm) ? This means that there are 9 000 parts of NaCl in every 1 000 000 parts of the solution.īut the concentration of a solution is sometimes given as a percentage.Ī percentage concentration tells you how many parts of solute are present in 100 parts of solution.įor example, the ethanol content in wine is often given as about 12%(v/v), that is, 12% of the volume of the wine is ethanol, or, there are 12 parts of ethanol in every 100 parts of solution. 1982 Ikenishi and Kitagawa 1988 Ikenishi et al.

Recent studies have employed GC to measure fluoride concentrations in human urine and plasma (Chiba et al.

Recall that, in general, concentration tells you how much solute is present in a solution.Ī concentration in parts per million (ppm) tells you how many parts of solute are present in 1 000 000 parts of solution.įor example, a saline solution is a dilute aqueous solution of sodium chloride, NaCl (aq), with a concentration of 9 000 ppm. in deionized water for 6 hours or in a solution of 1.0 ppm fluoride for 2 hours did not change the concentration of fluoride found in the nail. Parts per million and Percentage Concentration Calculations